Peer-reviewed literature on the CyberKnife® System is accumulating rapidly. Below is a list of papers published in respected medical journals describing CyberKnife treatment throughout the body, along with a brief summary for each. Click on the links to see each paper’s full reference and abstract located online (most on PubMed, a medical research search site maintained by the U.S. National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health).

Technical

Performance evaluation of a CyberKnife G4 image-guided robotic stereotactic radiosurgery system. Antypas et al. 2008. Authors from the Department of Radiology, Aretaieion Hospital, University of Athens, Greece, describe in detail their experience with installation of quality assurance of the CyberKnife G4 System.  Repeated tests showing sub-millimetric targeting accuracy are highlights of this paper.
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Intrafractional Motion of the Prostate during Hypofractionated Radiotherapy. Xie et al. 2008. In a collaboration between Stanford and UCSF researchers, considerable prostate motion was detected during treatment between X-ray acquisitions.  Authors recommend imaging about every 40 seconds to adequately compensate.
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Modeling 6 MV photon beams of a stereotactic radiosurgery system for Monte Carlo treatment planning. Deng et al. 2004. Yale University researchers present the foundational work for Accuray’s Monte Carlo dose calculation algorithm along with presenting tests demonstrating the algorithm’s accuracy.
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CyberKnife radiosurgery in the treatment of complex skull base tumors: analysis of treatment planning parameters. Collins et al. 2006. Researchers from Georgetown University obtained CyberKnife System treatment plans with good conformality and homogeneity for oddly shaped lesions in the sensitive skull base region.
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Technical description, phantom accuracy, and clinical feasibility for fiducial-free frameless real-time image-guided spinal radiosurgery. Muacevic et al. 2006. Researchers from Munich, Germany demonstrate using phantom tests that Xsight® Spine is accurate to within about 0.5 mm.  They conclude that fiducial-free tracking is a feasible, accurate and reliable approach to non-invasive spine radiosurgery.
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Quantitative measurement of CyberKnife robotic arm steering. Wong et al. 2007. Researchers from Georgetown University demonstrate that the Synchrony® Respiratory Motion Tracking System of the CyberKnife System tracks simulated lung tumors with 0.43-0.60 mm precision and a tracking variability of 0.14-0.20 mm.
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Dosimetric investigation of lung tumor motion compensation with a robotic respiratory tracking system: An experimental study Nioutsikou et al. 2008. Researchers from the United Kingdom present an investigation of the ability of the Synchrony® Respiratory Motion Tracking System to correct for tumor motion due to respiration. A reduction in dose misplacement due to movement was found with motion tracking, such that dosimetry for the motion-tracked case approximated that for the no-motion case.
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Accuracy of tumor motion compensation algorithm from a robotic respiratory tracking system: a simulation study Seppenwoolde et al. 2007. Rotterdam researchers show that the Synchrony Respiratory Motion Tracking System correct for tumor motion due to respiration. A reduction in dose misplacement due to movement was found with motion tracking, such that dosimetry for the motion-tracked case approximated that for the no-motion case.
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A fast, accurate, and automatic 2D-3D image registration for image-guided cranial radiosurgery. Fu et al. 2008. Researchers at Accuray Incorporated demonstrate that sub-millimetric accuracy for intracranial targets can be obtained with their 6D image registration algorithm.
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Four-dimensional stereotactic radiotherapy for early stage non-small cell lung cancer: a comparative planning study. Prevost et al. 2008. Researchers from the Netherlands compared CyberKnife System lung radiosurgery using the Synchrony Respiratory Motion Tracking System to a conventionally fractionated 3D conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) method, and concluded that the system allows safe dose escalation to moving targets.
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